Definition
Generates an event after a set interval, with an option to generate recurring events.
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- Implements
By the time expresses that the end-point of one activity (with duration) is the point-of-time for viewing the timing of another activity, “not later than the time” possibly before and up to X point of time. The expression is used to compare or estimate relative progress of one activity to another. By the time expresses that the end-point of one activity (with duration) is the point-of-time for viewing the timing of another activity, “not later than the time” possibly before and up to X point of time. The expression is used to compare or estimate relative progress of one activity to another.
Examples
The following example instantiates a System.Timers.Timer
object that fires its Timer.Elapsed event every two seconds (2,000 milliseconds), sets up an event handler for the event, and starts the timer. The event handler displays the value of the ElapsedEventArgs.SignalTime property each time it is raised.
Remarks
The Timer component is a server-based timer that raises an Elapsed event in your application after the number of milliseconds in the Interval property has elapsed. You can configure the Timer object to raise the event just once or repeatedly using the AutoReset property. Typically, a Timer object is declared at the class level so that it stays in scope as long as it is needed. You can then handle its Elapsed event to provide regular processing. For example, suppose you have a critical server that must be kept running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You could create a service that uses a Timer object to periodically check the server and ensure that the system is up and running. If the system is not responding, the service could attempt to restart the server or notify an administrator.
Important
The Timer class is not available for all .NET implementations and versions, such as .NET Standard 1.6 and lower versions.In these cases, you can use the System.Threading.Timer class instead.
This type implements the IDisposable interface. When you have finished using the type, you should dispose of it either directly or indirectly. To dispose of the type directly, call its Dispose method in a try
/catch
block. To dispose of it indirectly, use a language construct such as using
(in C#) or Using
(in Visual Basic). For more information, see the 'Using an Object that Implements IDisposable' section in the IDisposable interface topic.
The server-based System.Timers.Timer class is designed for use with worker threads in a multithreaded environment. Server timers can move among threads to handle the raised Elapsed event, resulting in more accuracy than Windows timers in raising the event on time.
The System.Timers.Timer component raises the Elapsed event, based on the value (in milliseconds) of the Interval property. You can handle this event to perform the processing you need. For example, suppose that you have an online sales application that continuously posts sales orders to a database. The service that compiles the instructions for shipping operates on a batch of orders rather than processing each order individually. You could use a Timer to start the batch processing every 30 minutes.
Important
The System.Timers.Timer class has the same resolution as the system clock. This means that the Elapsed event will fire at an interval defined by the resolution of the system clock if the Interval property is less than the resolution of the system clock. For more information, see the Interval property.
When AutoReset is set to false
, a System.Timers.Timer object raises the Elapsed event only once, after the first Interval has elapsed. To keep raising the Elapsed event regularly at the interval defined by the Interval, set AutoReset to true
, which is the default value.
The Timer component catches and suppresses all exceptions thrown by event handlers for the Elapsed event. This behavior is subject to change in future releases of the .NET Framework. Note, however, that this is not true of event handlers that execute asynchronously and include the await
operator (in C#) or the Await
operator (in Visual Basic). Exceptions thrown in these event handlers are propagated back to the calling thread, as the following example illustrates. For more information on exceptions thrown in asynchronous methods, see Exception Handling.
If the SynchronizingObject property is null
, the Elapsed event is raised on a ThreadPool thread. If processing of the Elapsed event lasts longer than Interval, the event might be raised again on another ThreadPool thread. In this situation, the event handler should be reentrant.
Note
The event-handling method might run on one thread at the same time that another thread calls the Stop method or sets the Enabled property to false
. This might result in the Elapsed event being raised after the timer is stopped. The example code for the Stop method shows one way to avoid this race condition.
Even if SynchronizingObject is not null
, Elapsed events can occur after the Dispose or Stop method has been called or after the Enabled property has been set to false
, because the signal to raise the Elapsed event is always queued for execution on a thread pool thread. One way to resolve this race condition is to set a flag that tells the event handler for the Elapsed event to ignore subsequent events.
If you use the System.Timers.Timer class with a user interface element, such as a form or control, without placing the timer on that user interface element, assign the form or control that contains the Timer to the SynchronizingObject property, so that the event is marshaled to the user interface thread.
For a list of default property values for an instance of Timer, see the Timer constructor.
Tip
Be aware that .NET includes four classes named Timer
, each of which offers different functionality:
- System.Timers.Timer (this topic): fires an event at regular intervals. The class is intended for use as a server-based or service component in a multithreaded environment; it has no user interface and is not visible at runtime.
- System.Threading.Timer: executes a single callback method on a thread pool thread at regular intervals. The callback method is defined when the timer is instantiated and cannot be changed. Like the System.Timers.Timer class, this class is intended for use as a server-based or service component in a multithreaded environment; it has no user interface and is not visible at runtime.
- System.Windows.Forms.Timer (.NET Framework only): a Windows Forms component that fires an event at regular intervals. The component has no user interface and is designed for use in a single-threaded environment.
- System.Web.UI.Timer (.NET Framework only): an ASP.NET component that performs asynchronous or synchronous web page postbacks at a regular interval.
Constructors
Timer() | Initializes a new instance of the Timer class, and sets all the properties to their initial values. |
Timer(Double) | Initializes a new instance of the Timer class, and sets the Interval property to the specified number of milliseconds. |
Properties
AutoReset | Gets or sets a Boolean indicating whether the Timer should raise the Elapsed event only once ( |
CanRaiseEvents | Gets a value indicating whether the component can raise an event. (Inherited from Component) |
Container | Gets the IContainer that contains the Component. (Inherited from Component) |
DesignMode | Gets a value that indicates whether the Component is currently in design mode. (Inherited from Component) |
Enabled | Gets or sets a value indicating whether the Timer should raise the Elapsed event. |
Events | Gets the list of event handlers that are attached to this Component. (Inherited from Component) |
Interval | Gets or sets the interval, expressed in milliseconds, at which to raise the Elapsed event. |
Site | Gets or sets the site that binds the Timer to its container in design mode. |
SynchronizingObject | Gets or sets the object used to marshal event-handler calls that are issued when an interval has elapsed. |
Methods
BeginInit() | Begins the run-time initialization of a Timer that is used on a form or by another component. |
Close() | Releases the resources used by the Timer. |
CreateObjRef(Type) | Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
Dispose() | Releases all resources used by the Component. (Inherited from Component) |
Dispose(Boolean) | Releases all resources used by the current Timer. |
EndInit() | Ends the run-time initialization of a Timer that is used on a form or by another component. |
Equals(Object) | Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object) |
GetHashCode() | Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object) |
GetLifetimeService() | Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
GetService(Type) | Returns an object that represents a service provided by the Component or by its Container. (Inherited from Component) |
GetType() | Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object) |
InitializeLifetimeService() | Obsolete. Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
MemberwiseClone() | Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object) |
MemberwiseClone(Boolean) | Creates a shallow copy of the current MarshalByRefObject object. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
Start() | Starts raising the Elapsed event by setting Enabled to |
Stop() | Stops raising the Elapsed event by setting Enabled to |
ToString() | Returns a String containing the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden. (Inherited from Component) |
Events
Disposed | Occurs when the component is disposed by a call to the Dispose() method. (Inherited from Component) |
Elapsed | Occurs when the interval elapses. |
Timer Ten Seconds
Applies to
Thread Safety
Any public static
members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.
See also
You can scroll this chart sideways on mobile (and on desktop if necessary). It will print on an A4 sheet or as PDF. See also our 1-100 counting chart wallposter (download FREE).
Time For Ten Minutes
1 one | 2 two | 3 three | 4 four | 5 five | 6 six | 7 seven | 8 eight | 9 nine | 10 ten |
11 eleven | 12 twelve | 13 thirteen | 14 fourteen | 15 fifteen | 16 sixteen | 17 seventeen | 18 eighteen | 19 nineteen | 20 twenty |
21 twenty- one | 22 twenty- two | 23 twenty- three | 24 twenty- four | 25 twenty- five | 26 twenty- six | 27 twenty- seven | 28 twenty- eight | 29 twenty- nine | 30 thirty |
31 thirty- one | 32 thirty- two | 33 thirty- three | 34 thirty- four | 35 thirty- five | 36 thirty- six | 37 thirty- seven | 38 thirty- eight | 39 thirty- nine | 40 forty |
41 forty- one | 42 forty- two | 43 forty- three | 44 forty- four | 45 forty- five | 46 forty- six | 47 forty- seven | 48 forty- eight | 49 forty- nine | 50 fifty |
51 fifty- one | 52 fifty- two | 53 fifty- three | 54 fifty- four | 55 fifty- five | 56 fifty- six | 57 fifty- seven | 58 fifty- eight | 59 fifty- nine | 60 sixty |
61 sixty- one | 62 sixty- two | 63 sixty- three | 64 sixty- four | 65 sixty- five | 66 sixty- six | 67 sixty- seven | 68 sixty- eight | 69 sixty- nine | 70 seventy |
71 seventy- one | 72 seventy- two | 73 seventy- three | 74 seventy- four | 75 seventy- five | 76 seventy- six | 77 seventy- seven | 78 seventy- eight | 79 seventy- nine | 80 eighty |
81 eighty- one | 82 eighty- two | 83 eighty- three | 84 eighty- four | 85 eighty- five | 86 eighty- six | 87 eighty- seven | 88 eighty- eight | 89 eighty- nine | 90 ninety |
91 ninety- one | 92 ninety- two | 93 ninety- three | 94 ninety- four | 95 ninety- five | 96 ninety- six | 97 ninety- seven | 98 ninety- eight | 99 ninety- nine | 100 one hundred |